Listed below are some of the key areas that make up a car’s electronic control unit. These parts handle fueling strategy, power management, and communication lines between the modules. You can also learn about the Engine control loop and how it functions. However, to truly understand how the ECU works, you need to have an in- depth understanding of each. Before we continue, let’s look at how the electronic computer actually works.
Fueling strategy
The ECU controls the amount of fuel injected in the engine. When the engine is running at part throttle, the ECU concentrates on the optimum mixture. In this condition, the mixture is stoichiometric. Lambda is equal to 1.0, and the ideal mixture has all of its components consumed. If the mixture is lean, then the ECU will have to inject more fuel to keep the engine running at full throttle.
The ECU also determines how much fuel is injected, and the duration during which the air and fuel mixture is delivered to the engine. It also controls many important systems in a car. It can identify a car’s keys, adjust the performance of its engine cooling fan, and turn on the car’s alarm when something is amiss. Besides, it manages the starting process and the injection of fuel, and regulates the cooling process.
Communication lines between modules
Cars have electronic control units that can communicate with one another using a wireless communication system. The system may include a second wireless communication system that is integrated into the interior circuitry of a car. Using the other wireless communication system, the ECU 110 can communicate with another electronic device 104 that is within a second proximity range. This communication may be short-range, medium-range, or long-range wireless.
The first smartphone 302 may be associated with a parking enforcement officer 118. The ECU 504 receives the information and may generate a response based on the information. The second communication protocol may include a reminder to extend the expiration of a parking receipt. The reminder can be sent through an electronic interface that is installed on the dashboard or outside rear view mirror. The vehicle user can use this information to extend the time limit of the parking receipt.
Engine control loop
The Electronic Control Unit, or ECU, is a computer chip in a car that controls the engine. The ECU receives inputs from different sensors, such as the crankshaft and the camshaft, and then processes the information to control the various engine functions. The software, which is stored on the ECU’s programmable memory chip, computes the needed output for each component. The ECU controls various actuators, such as the timing of the coil spark and the amount of fuel injected into the engine.
The ECU receives data from dozens of sensors in the car’s electrical system. The ECU analyzes the data to determine the proper fuel-ignition timing and how long to keep the fuel injector open. It can also calculate and control other functions, such as oil and fuel consumption. Hence, the ECU functions as a “brain” of the car. Nevertheless, it must be properly programmed to avoid malfunctions.
